tmap - tutorial

1 Libraries

library(tidyverse)
library(sf)
library(tmap)

---

2 What it tmap

• “The short answer is that tmap is an R package for visualization spatial data. The slightly longer answer is that tmap allows users to explore, analyze, and present spatial data in a intuitive way.” (Martijn Tennekes & Jakub, 2021 Nowosad)[https://r-tmap.github.io/tmap-book/intro.html]
• You can create static or interactive maps
• Conceptually, it is similar to ggplot and the layered grammar of graphics

3 Data

Accidents <- st_read("Montevideo_Data/Accidentes2006-2010/accidentes2006-2010.shp")

Reading layer `accidentes2006-2010' from data source 
  `C:\Users\Orlan\Dropbox\Teaching\SpatialAnalysis\Tutorials\03_MapMaking\Montevideo_Data\Accidentes2006-2010\accidentes2006-2010.shp' 
  using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 41121 features and 7 fields
Geometry type: POINT
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: 558003.5 ymin: 6134508 xmax: 588206.1 ymax: 6157857
CRS:           NA

Accidents = st_set_crs(Accidents, 32721)

Stations <- st_read("Montevideo_Data/afe_estaciones/afe_estaciones.shp")

Reading layer `afe_estaciones' from data source 
  `C:\Users\Orlan\Dropbox\Teaching\SpatialAnalysis\Tutorials\03_MapMaking\Montevideo_Data\afe_estaciones\afe_estaciones.shp' 
  using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 105 features and 13 fields
Geometry type: POINT
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -58.07525 ymin: -34.89368 xmax: -53.38024 ymax: -30.90302
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84

Stations <- st_set_crs(Stations, 32721)

Warning: st_crs<- : replacing crs does not reproject data; use st_transform for that

Uruguay <- st_read("Montevideo_Data/Vectoriales_2011/ine_depto.shp")

Reading layer `ine_depto' from data source 
  `C:\Users\Orlan\Dropbox\Teaching\SpatialAnalysis\Tutorials\03_MapMaking\Montevideo_Data\Vectoriales_2011\ine_depto.shp' 
  using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 20 features and 5 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: 366582.2 ymin: 6127919 xmax: 858252.1 ymax: 6671738
CRS:           NA

Uruguay <- st_set_crs(Uruguay, 32721)

Bicicircuitos <- st_read(
  "Montevideo_Data/CyclingMontevideoData/v_bi_bicicircuitos/v_bi_bicicircuitos.shp")

Reading layer `v_bi_bicicircuitos' from data source 
  `C:\Users\Orlan\Dropbox\Teaching\SpatialAnalysis\Tutorials\03_MapMaking\Montevideo_Data\CyclingMontevideoData\v_bi_bicicircuitos\v_bi_bicicircuitos.shp' 
  using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 248 features and 3 fields
Geometry type: LINESTRING
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: 571736.8 ymin: 6134478 xmax: 586683.5 ymax: 6147830
Projected CRS: WGS 84 / UTM zone 21S

4 Rudiments

tm_shape(Uruguay) + 
  tm_polygons()

tm_shape(Uruguay) + 
  tm_fill()

tm_shape(Uruguay) + 
  tm_fill() +
  tm_layout(bg.color = "lightblue")

tm_shape(Uruguay) + 
  tm_borders(col = "black", lwd = 0.5, lty = "dashed")

Montevideo <- Uruguay %>% filter(NOMBRE == "MONTEVIDEO")

tm_shape(Montevideo) + 
  tm_polygons() +
  tm_shape(Accidents) + tm_bubbles()

tm_shape(Montevideo) + 
  tm_polygons() +
  tm_shape(Accidents) + tm_bubbles() +
  tm_layout(frame = FALSE)

MyMap <- tm_shape(Uruguay) + 
  tm_polygons(col = "deepskyblue1") 

MyMap

st_bbox(Uruguay)

     xmin      ymin      xmax      ymax 
 366582.2 6127918.5  858252.1 6671738.4 

st_bbox(Montevideo)

     xmin      ymin      xmax      ymax 
 551982.7 6133498.9  589227.2 6159810.3 

tm_shape(Uruguay, bbox = st_bbox(Montevideo)) + 
  tm_polygons(col = "deepskyblue1") 

Nort Carolina SIDS data

nc = st_read(system.file("shape/nc.shp", package="sf"))

Reading layer `nc' from data source 
  `C:\Users\Orlan\AppData\Local\R\win-library\4.2\sf\shape\nc.shp' 
  using driver `ESRI Shapefile'
Simple feature collection with 100 features and 14 fields
Geometry type: MULTIPOLYGON
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -84.32385 ymin: 33.88199 xmax: -75.45698 ymax: 36.58965
Geodetic CRS:  NAD27

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79")

tm_shape(nc) + tm_fill(col = "BIR79")

tm_shape(nc) + tm_fill(col = "BIR79") + tm_borders()

---

5 The road to a map

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79")

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79") + 
  tm_compass() + tm_scale_bar()

5.1 Legends - tm_layout function

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col="BIR79") + 
   tm_layout(legend.outside = TRUE, frame = FALSE)

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col="BIR79") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.2, 0.03),
              scale = 0.8,
              legend.frame = T)

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T)

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(title = "THI IS MY TITLE",
              legend.position = c(0.01, 0.05),
              scale = 0.9,
              legend.frame = T) + 
   tm_add_legend(type = c("fill"),
                labels = c("Some Area", "Other Area"), 
                col = c("#66c2a5", "#e5c494"),
                title = "Other Areas") +
  tm_add_legend(type = "symbol", 
                labels = c("A point", "Other Point"), 
                col = c("#e78ac3", "grey"))

5.2 Where is the south?

But coming back to our map, it needs a compass so your audience know where noth and east are.

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T) + 
    tm_compass() 

NA

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T) + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "8star") 

NA

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T) + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3, show.labels = 0) 

5.3 The scale

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T) + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar()

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T) + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0, 50, 100, 150, 200), text.size = 2, position = c(0.06, 0))

Documentation for the tm_layout() function Documentation for the tm_compass() function Documentation for the tm_scale_bar() function

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T) + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0, 50, 100, 150, 200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06, 0),
                 lwd = 5, color.dark = "darkgreen", color.light = "blue")

MyMap <- tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0, 50, 100, 150, 200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06, 0),
                 lwd = 3)

MyMap

5.4 Mode: View

tmap_mode("view")

tmap mode set to interactive viewing

MyMap

Compass not supported in view mode.
legend.postion is used for plot mode. Use view.legend.position in tm_view to set the legend position in view mode.
Warning: In view mode, scale bar breaks are ignored.

tmap_mode("plot")

tmap mode set to plotting

5.5 Colors

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col="BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84", palette = "Blues") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01,0.65),
              scale=0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0,50,100,150,200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06,0),
                 lwd = 3)

tm_shape(nc) + 
    tm_polygons(col="BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84", palette = "Blues",  n = 4) + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01,0.65),
              scale=0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0,50,100,150,200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06,0),
                 lwd = 3)

tm_shape(nc) + 
    tm_polygons(col="BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84", palette = "Blues", 
                style = "pretty") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01,0.65),
              scale=0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0,50,100,150,200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06,0),
                 lwd = 3)

library(RColorBrewer)
display.brewer.all()

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col="BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84", palette = "YlGnBu") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01,0.65),
              scale=0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0,50,100,150,200),size = 1, position = c(0.06,0),
                 lwd = 3)

Warning: The argument size of tm_scale_bar is deprecated. It has been renamed to text.size

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col="BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84", palette = "-YlGnBu") + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01,0.65),
              scale=0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0,50,100,150,200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06,0),
                 lwd = 3)

summary(nc$BIR79)

   Min. 1st Qu.  Median    Mean 3rd Qu.    Max. 
    319    1336    2636    4224    4889   30757 

nc %>% ggplot(aes(x=BIR79)) + geom_histogram()

Breaks <- c(0, 2000, 4000, 6000, 31000)
Labels <- c("0 - 2000", "2000 - 4000", "4000 - 6000", ">6000")

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84", palette = "YlGnBu",
                           breaks = Breaks, labels = Labels) + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0, 50, 100, 150, 200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06, 0),
                 lwd = 3)

MyPalette <- c("#f2f0f7", "#cbc9e2", "#9e9ac8", "#6a51a3")

tm_shape(nc) + tm_polygons(col = "BIR79", title = "Births 1979 - 84", palette = MyPalette,
                           breaks = Breaks, labels = Labels) + 
    tm_layout(legend.position = c(0.01, 0.65),
              scale = 0.65,
              legend.frame = T,
              bg.color = "lightblue") + 
    tm_compass(size = 5, type = "rose", lwd = 3) + 
    tm_scale_bar(breaks = c(0, 50, 100, 150, 200), text.size = 1, position = c(0.06, 0),
                 lwd = 3)

---

6 Auxiliar map

6.1 Alternative A

MontevideoMap <- tm_shape(Montevideo) + 
  tm_polygons() +
  tm_shape(Accidents) + tm_bubbles()

UruguayMap <- tm_shape(Uruguay) + 
  tm_polygons()

library(grid)

MontevideoMap
print(UruguayMap, vp = viewport(0.17, 0.8, width = 0.25, height = 0.25))

MontevideoMap <- tm_shape(Montevideo) + 
  tm_polygons(col = "deepskyblue1") 


MontevideoNeigh <- Uruguay %>% filter(NOMBRE %in% c("SAN JOSE", "CANELONES", "MONTEVIDEO"))

AuxMap <- tm_shape(MontevideoNeigh) + tm_polygons(col = "green")

MontevideoMap
print(AuxMap, vp = viewport(0.17, 0.8, width = 0.2, height = 0.2))

Our map needs some context!

MontevideoBox <- st_bbox(Montevideo) %>% st_as_sfc() #Why not st_as_sf?

tm_shape(MontevideoBox) + tm_polygons(col = "white", border.col = "blue", lwd = 4)

#plot(st_geometry(MontevideoBox))

AuxMap <- tm_shape(MontevideoNeigh) + tm_polygons(col = "green") + 
  tm_shape(MontevideoBox) + tm_polygons(border.col = "red", lwd = 2.5, alpha = 0.3)
  

MontevideoMap
print(AuxMap, vp = viewport(0.17, 0.8, width = 0.2, height = 0.2))

6.2 Alternative B

See this link

---

7 Faceted maps

tm_shape(Montevideo) + tm_polygons() +
  tm_shape(Accidents) + tm_dots(alpha = 0.5) + tm_facets(by = "ANIO")

tm_shape(Montevideo) + tm_polygons() +
  tm_shape(Accidents) + tm_dots(alpha = 0.5) + tm_facets(by = "ANIO", nrow = 1)

tm_shape(Montevideo) + tm_polygons() +
  tm_shape(Accidents) + tm_dots(alpha = 0.5) + tm_facets(by = "ANIO", ncol = 1)

Accidents2006 <- Accidents %>% filter(ANIO == "2006")
Accidents2010 <- Accidents %>% filter(ANIO == "2010")

Complements <- tm_compass() + tm_scale_bar()

Map2006 <- tm_shape(Accidents2006) + tm_dots() + Complements
Map2010 <- tm_shape(Accidents2010) + tm_dots() + Complements

tmap_arrange(Map2006, Map2010)

8 Export

9 Animated maps

See section 8.5 of the Gecomputation with R book

10 Recommended readings

• tmap book: Elegant and informative maps with tmap
• Chapter 8 of Geocomputation with R book
• tmap: get started - vignettes